1991 Radical MAD Die Clash MDC-1C-1991-01

Description

Holding a singular place in die clash research, MDC-1C-1991-01 is the earliest identified example of a Radical MAD (Misaligned Die) die clash in the Lincoln cent series — a distinction that makes it a benchmark specimen for understanding how this error type was first recognized and documented. Found by Louis Schaeffer, this variety shows parts of the reverse inscription STATES OF clashed through Lincoln's coat, lapel, and shoulder area on the obverse, with corresponding obverse design marks transferred to the reverse. In a Radical MAD die clash, the dies come together without a planchet between them while one die is severely misaligned from its normal position, causing design elements from one die to be impressed into the other at locations far removed from where they would appear during normal striking. The resulting clash marks appear as incuse impressions of letters, design elements, or rim segments in unexpected positions, distinguishing them from typical die clashes where the dies are properly aligned. As the earliest known example, this 1991 specimen established the reference point against which all subsequent Radical MAD die clashes would be compared. Struck at Philadelphia on copper-plated zinc planchets composed of 97.5% zinc and 2.5% copper, weighing 2.5 grams and measuring 19mm.

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